Positionnement par satellite : GPS, GLONASS, EGNOS, Galileo | | L'Agence spatiale européenne représente pour l'Europe une porte d'accès à l'espace. Sa mission consiste à façonner les activités de développement des capacités spatiales européennes et à faire en sorte que les citoyens européens continuent à bénéficier des investissements réalisés dans le domaine spatial.
L'ESA compte 15 États membres. En coordonnant les ressources financières et intellectuelles de ses membres, elle peut entreprendre des programmes et des activités qui vont largement au-delà de ce que pourrait réaliser chacun de ces pays à titre individuel.
L'ESA a pour mission d'élaborer le programme spatial européen et de le mener à bien. Les projets de l'Agence sont conçus pour en apprendre davantage sur la Terre, sur son environnement spatial immédiat, sur le système solaire et sur l'Univers ainsi que pour mettre au point des technologies et services satellitaires et pour promouvoir les industries européennes. L'ESA travaille également en étroite collaboration avec des organisations spatiales hors d'Europe de manière à ce que les bienfaits de l'espace profitent à l'humanité entière.
8-10 rue Mario Nikis, 75738 Paris cedex 15
ESA
8-10 rue Mario Nikis, 75738 Paris cedex 15 |
|
| | The Galileo Programme is a joint initiative of the European Commission (EC) and the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide Europe with its own independent global civilian controlled satellite navigation system.
The Galileo system will allow users to pinpoint their location at any time to a high degree of accuracy, and will ensure Europe’s competitiveness in a global market in satellite navigation products and services.
When fully deployed, Galileo will consist of a constellation of 30 satellites in 3 orbits offering unprecedented accuracy and reliability of positioning. This allows for a range of many applications, products and services to be developed for use in transport, telecommunications, fisheries and agriculture, civil protection, building, construction etc.
The Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) has been set up by the EC and ESA to manage the development phase of the Galileo Programme, the main tasks of the GJU are:
- the Galileo Concession : the GJU is overseeing the establishment of a public private partnership between the public and the private sector in order to manage the Galileo Programme and mobilise the required funds. A competitive tendering process is in use to select the private consortium that will be awarded the Galileo Concession
- Galileo in Orbit Validation : the GJU has to launch through ESA a first series of satellites to ensure the large-scale demonstration of the capabilities and reliability of the Galileo system.
- 6FP Galileo related activities : GJU also provides technical management to Galileo related projects launched under the EU’s 6th Framework Programme for Research and Development (FP6). These projects, with a combined estimated budget of 100 million euro, will deliver many of the key technologies required for the implementation and operation of Galileo, and represent another opportunity for the private sector to participate in the development of Galileo.
- EGNOS Integration : The GJU is also responsible for managing the integration of EGNOS -the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service, a system that enhances the data provided by GPS- into Galileo
GJU
|
|
| | The GLONASS system is managed for the Russian Federation Government by the Russian Space Forces, system operator, providing significant benefits to the civil users community through a variety of applications.
The GLONASS system has two types of navigation signal:
- standard precision navigation signal (SP)
- high precision navigation signal (HP).
SP positioning and timing services are available to all GLONASS civil users on a continuous, worldwide basis and provide the capability to obtain horizontal positioning accuracy within 57-70 meters (99.7% probability), vertical positioning accuracy within 70 meters (99.7% probability), velocity vector components measuring accuracy within 15 cm/s (99.7% probability) and timing accuracy within 1 mks (99.7% probability).
GLONASS
|
|
| | The IGEB was established by Presidential directive in 1996 to manage the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its U.S. Government augmentations as a national asset.
The IGEB is a senior-level policy making body chaired jointly by the Departments of Defense and Transportation. Its membership includes the Departments of State, Commerce, Homeland Security, Interior, and Agriculture, as well as NASA and the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
A permanent Executive Secretariat located in Washington, D.C., provides day-to-day staff support to the IGEB principals. The Executive Secretariat is a point of contact for inquiries regarding GPS policy. Mr. David Turner is the Director of the IGEB Executive Secretariat.
IGEB
|
|
|